Revolutionary Papers

Revolutionary Papers is a transnational research collaboration exploring 20th century periodicals of Leftanti-imperial and anti-colonial critical production. Read More

South West Africa People’s Organisation (SWAPO) & Ovamboland People’s Organization (OPO)

South West Africa People’s Organisation (SWAPO) is the current ruling party of Namibia which it has been since independence in 1990. SWAPO was an important, but not only, party in the Namibian liberation movement. It was founded in Windhoek on 19 April 1960, succeeding the Ovamboland People’s Organisation (OPO) which had been started in 1959, and Ovamboland People’s Congress (OPC) which was founded in Cape Town in 1957 by a group of people including Ottilie and Kenneth Abrahams, Andimba Toivo Ya Toivo and Andreas Shipanga. One of OPC’s aims was to end the exploitation of the contract labour system. Ottilie Abrahams was SWAPO’s first secretary of education in exile in Tanzania. She had many critical views of the party. “Ottilie believed that the sole and authentic representative status of SWAPO led to a suffocating and stifling political climate in the Namibian liberation movement and that as a consequence no democratic ethos existed in it.” Since independence many stories have emerged about the horrors of the SWAPO camps in exile, including the ‘dungeons.’ SWAPO has also told a narrow nationalist narrative of the liberation struggle which over-emphasises their role and silences and erases other historically important people and movements. Are the beautyful ones still not born?